Darwins Theory of Natural Selection - 2096 Words

Charles Darwin revolutionized biology when he introduced The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859. Although Wallace had also came upon this revelation shortly before Origins was published, Darwin had long been in development of this theory. Wallace amicably relinquished the idea to Darwin, allowing him to become the first pioneer of evolution. Darwin was not driven to publish his finding, which hed been collecting for several years before Wallace struck upon it, because he had never come across a single [naturalist] who seemed to doubt to permanence of species (Ridley, pp. 70). What follows are the key points of Darwins Theory of Natural Selection taken directly from the two chapters concerning it in his book†¦show more content†¦This is also known as ordinary selection because it begins with one individual and its constitution and habits. Another method of Natural Selection is sexual selection. Sexual selection arises from interspecies cross breeding. Thi s, Darwin explains, deviates from the struggle for existence and becomes the struggle for progeny. Advances in an individual will often allow it a better chance to procreate. A males ability to woo the female by singing, shows of strength, or decoration have definite effects as to whether or not he will be able to mate. The same goes for the females ability to attract the males attention. Some of these techniques or differences can also sometimes be used in the struggle for existence giving that particular variation the advantage. Lastly, Darwin explains extinction and divergence of character in relation to Natural Selection. With extinction Darwin shows it is necessary for the adapted variation to proliferate. As the adapted variation begins to increase in numbers because of its greater ability to survive conditions, its obvious the older variety must become rarer. Rarity is the first sign of extinction, because with smaller numbers, there is a smaller chance of propagating, and a smaller chance of adapting. This will eventually lead toShow MoreRelatedDarwins Theory of Natural Selection and the Evolution of Animals673 Words   |  3 Pages Darwin’s theory of natural selection has provided us with the explanations of the processes involved in the changes of species over long periods of time. His theory was based on five major assumptions: VARIATION: When Individuals within a species differ from one another in physical characteristics and in their behaviour. HERITABILITY: Some of the variations amongst the members of species is inherited, meaning that the offspring tend to resemble their parents moreRead MoreThe Political Implications of Darwins Theory of Natural Selection878 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1859 biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species which laid out Darwins theory of natural selection. Natural selection stated that an organism which possessed advantageous traits that allowed it to survive and reproduce easier than became more prevalent in the proceeding generations, eventually resulting in a differentiation of species. This is the basis of evolution and is a constantly ongoing process. Organisms that did not possess the advantageous traits were doomed to geneticRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Darwin is considered by other people as the creator of Evolution. Darwin was not the only man to arrive at the theory of evolution. Darwin came to his theory of evolution at the same time as an another man who goes by the name of Alfred Russell Wallace came to the same conclusion. Wallace being relatively unknown was not respected for having the same conclusion because the fact that people were so apt to listen to the theory’s of Charles Darwin. After time Darwin published a book On the OriginRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1832 Words   |  8 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other than Mendellson and his studies with genetics, Darwin has by far contributed the most to our modern science. From his theories on variation of species to his explanation of natural selection Charles Darwin has shocked the world by proving the world older than previously thought and creatures not immutable. In this present day these theories are as common belief as a simple mathematical equation such as two plus two equals four; but in the year eighteen hundred and fifty nine DarwinRead MoreDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Darwin postulated a scientific theory, which stated that all living organisms evolved through a process of natural selection. According to Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin claimed that the offspring of a particular species gradually evolved themselves genetically to resist the changes in the environment (573). The theory contended that the organisms could adapt to the changes in the environment through the survival of the fittest. Though this theory is regarded as a breakthrough in the fieldRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages the struggle for existence, natural selection, the geological record, and several other topics. This book brought him great recognition as well as many violent attacks. It was written in a time in history when the people were very strong believers in the Chur ch and God. Darwin was the first to contradict their religious beliefs of Creation, and was pummeled with criticism. Although today some still disagree, his explanation of evolution through natural selection is accepted by many. DarwinRead MoreEssay on Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection529 Words   |  3 Pages Charles Darwins theory of evolution centres on the idea that species compete to survive, and favorable characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Darwin said that evolution took place by a process of natural selection or survival of the fittest. This meant that the animals and plants best suited to their surroundings survived and were able to pass on their genes to their offspring. The ones that werent best suited died off and didnt get theRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation about evolution. He met many explorers that had various ideas of their own about how man evolved. In discussion with these people, he figured out if what they were telling him was fact or fiction. This helped him to formulate his own theory. Curiosity was aroused in Darwin at a very young age. He was one of those children that are always into things, trying to find out how things work. He was especially interested in the outdoors. He was a very smart child, but his father,Read MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pageswho had proposed a theory of evolution based on a continuous process of gradual modification due to acquired characteristics. Both Darwin and Wallace brought together a multitude of facts including the geographical distribution of organisms, comparative morphology of living organisms and their fossil precursors. They postulated that long-term environmental changes including movement of land masses and changes in climate could have served in the process of natural selection over many generationsRead MoreReconciling Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and Intelligent Design835 Words   |  4 PagesNatural selection is an important component of evolution. Natural selection occurs when some members of a population are better fit for survival and reproduction than the others in that population (Phelan 284-85, 2011). The environment in which organisms live plays a part in natural selection as well. Depending on the conditions of the environment, the organisms may pass down selected traits to their offspring. These selected traits will allow for the next generation to better adapt and survive longer

The Role Of Peer Influence On Adolescent Behavior

Are there greater effects of peer influence if they are alone with another friend or if they are in groups? Research shows that group interventions with antisocial adolescents may increase rather than decrease antisocial behavior. Specifically Huefner, et al. (2009) looked for increases in adolescent’s behavioral problems as a result of them receiving treatment in a group rather than one on one. Haynie (2002) also felt it was import to assess whether adolescents are normally in friendship networks with all delinquent or non-delinquent members. Or are the circles of friends comprised by both delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents? The way the circles friendships are forms are important because they can indicate how much each adolescent is exposed to delinquent behavior. Haynie (2002) states, When friendship networks contain access to both delinquent and non-delinquent friends, the group may be less effective in providing clear behavior patterns, norms, and consistent values regarding behavior expectations. Huefner, et al. (2009) reports indicating that delinquents who are antisocial and aren t involved in large groups of friends, group counseling or groups of peers in general can produce iatrogenic effects (generally taken to mean to do harm.) Researches on negative peer influences indicate that antisocial youth tend to affiliate with and influence the few that they are in contact with. While most of this research has been conducted on naturally occurring groupsShow MoreRelatedMean Girls, By The Queen Bee s And Wannabees Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesage; also known as peers. In the United States, adolescents spend twice the amount of time within peer groups from a day to day basis than with their parents (Dijkstra Veenstra 2011). The socialization that occurs within these peer groups plays a large role in influencing the behaviors of adolescents during this developmental period; whether reinforcing positive behaviors such as academic achievement or encouraging questionable behavior and delinquency. The importance of peer groups in contemporaryRead MoreNegative Effects Of Adolescent RSB905 Words   |  4 Pagesfindings show that for adolescents with positive individual characteristics, such as low impulsivity, neighborhood safety has additional benefits, specifically when involving adolescent attitudes toward RSB. However, the negative impact of high impulsivity on adolescent attitudes toward RSB is not ameliorated by neighborhood safety. With this in mind, it is important to look at other factors, aside from an adolescents neighborhood environment, that may play a part in adolescent attitude formation andRead MoreSex and Adolescence Essay927 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration for the adolescent. Adolescent sex is the popular thing to do. In the 1980s and 1990s, adolescents were being taught that sex was a taboo and when married. Since puberty is occurring at a younger age, marriage is delayed until later in life. A growin g number of sexually transmitted diseases occur more frequently in adolescents (Fantasia, 2008). In society today, sex among adolescents is on the rise due to lack of education, lack of parental influence, and peer pressure. In the pastRead MorePeer Pressure In Adolescence Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the lifespan, specifically during adolescence. Another large issue during adolescence is pressure from peers. These pressures can be intentional, or just driven by the pressure to fit in by matching other’s actions. One of the more interesting topics in this time of a person’s life is seeing how these two issues overlap. The affect of peer pressure on sexuality in adolescents is a large issue. Large enough to warrant representation in the media to raise some sort of awareness. Visual mediaRead MoreBrain Development : Understanding The Brain During The Apex Of Development799 Words   |  4 Pagesthis website, the effects of adolescence, the differences between an adolescent and adult, and the influences of environment will all be thoroughly discussed. When adolescence begins, there are many psychological effects on the teenager. To begin with, there are many hormonal chang es involving large releases of hormones, which affect levels of hormones within an individual. The most noticeable change involves the social behavior of a teenager. During this time, a teenager may find him or herselfRead MoreSocial Networking Sites ( Sns )1207 Words   |  5 Pagescircle of enmeshed groups of people with alike interests, locations, hobbies, beliefs, or â€Å"friends†. Adolescents being impressionable and impulsive in their behaviors already, having so much access to all kinds of different social taboos, risky behaviors, and unsupervised and unmonitored interactions, could be a detrimental thing to these youth. Has Facebook influenced adolescent high-risk behaviors? According to Statista.com (2015) as of the 3rd quarter of 2015 there is 1.55 billion active monthlyRead MoreA Common Form Of Victimization, Homophobic Name Calling1315 Words   |  6 Pagesname-calling, has been associated with negative mental outcomes among adolescents. Research has shown the correlating effects of homophobic victimization, in the form of name-calling, to be associated with depression, increased suicide rates, feeling unsafe and insecure, and a developmental continuation of mental health problems into adulthood for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students. According to studies, adolescents have reported several reoccurrences of hearing epithets such asRead MoreSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 PagesOver seventy percent of adolescents play sports (Uzoma, 2015). Athletics can be used for the development of social character, values of teamwork, sacrifice, and obedience (Rudd Stoll, 2004). The sports world offers social opportunities for adolescents (Rutten, Schuengel, Dirks, Stams, Biesta, Hoeksma, 2011). Participating in sports as adolescents may help with learning how to respect the community, peers, family, and themselves (Berlin, Dworkin, Eames, Menconi, Perkins, 2007). Sports may affectRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pagesmust first understand the different factors that contributed to their criminal behavior. We know that there is no underlined path to juvenile offending but risk factors that increases a juveniles chances of committing crime. Researchers have concluded that there are a dew leading risk factors that contributes to juvenile involvement in crime such mental health issues, substance abuse, individual risk, family, and peers. There is a well established link between juvenile criminal offending and substanceRead MoreAdolescent Relationships with Parents and Peers Essay examples1380 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between adolesc ents and their respective parents. The evidence of the changes in peer and parent-child relationships during early adolescence suggests that early adolescence is a critical period of transformation in childrens relationships. Early adolescents may orient toward peers while distancing themselves from their parents because their peer relationships fit some of their developmental needs better than their relationships with their parents. The waxing of peer orientation and

Supply chain of Zara and Dell-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Significance of the Supply Chain and Logistics Management of Zara. Answer: Introduction Zara is a clothing manufacturing and distribution brand across the globe and they have developed their image as an effective fast-fashion retail chain organization. It was founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosala Mera and its headquarters is situated in Arteixo, Galicia. It is the most crucial brand for Inditex Group and it is worlds largest retailer of apparels. Inditex is fashion group and it also owns various big brands such as Massimo Dutti, PullBear, Bershka, etc. Unique feature of Zaras logistics management is that they change their collection once in a week in order to fulfil the consumers requirements. With relation to this, Zara has launched more than 20 collections in 2017 only. Under this report, comparison between the logistics management of Zara and logistics management of Dell and Myers will be executed. Along with this, competitive analysis will also be conducted for evaluating the customer base, market share, growth rate and effectiveness of the strategies implemented by the Zara in their workplace. Comparison between logistics management of Dell and Zara Comparison between these two companies is next to impossible because both the companies are linked with different industries. Zara is engaged in manufacturing of clothing materials while; Dell is engaged in the IT sector and known for manufacturing computers, laptops and other electronic gadgets (Charles Gareth, 2012). Supply chain of Zara and Dell Supply chain management of Zara is quite unique from other companies and major components of its supply chain management are designing, manufacturing, sourcing and distribution outlets. Its vertically integrated supply chain is considered as its biggest competitive advantage as it allows mass production under effective control thereby leading to well- managed inventories, lower price cutting, improved cost-effectiveness and value creation for the shareholders both in the short and long term. Supply chain management of Dell consists three major players i.e. suppliers, consumers, and company. The process of supply chain management of Dell is quite simple, as they take orders from customers and company arranges parts from the suppliers and assembles them into a finished good to deliver it to the customers (Christopher Towill, 2000). Innovative personnel and suppliers are engaged by Dell for the purpose of supplying and delivering the product with greatest value such that it creates a positive impact in the minds of the customers. The effective supply chain activities and techniques adopted by Dell has enabled it to acquire the position of one of the most successful PC companies around the globe. Difference between Zara and Dell Supply chain management of both companies differs from each other, as they both are linked with different sectors. Dell uses horizontal integrated supply chain system while; Zara has vertically integrated supply chain system. Apart from the supply chain and logistics management, there are various factors through which difference could be evaluated (Kiessling, 2015). Zara is engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of fast fashion clothes and accessories while; primary activities of Dell are to manufacture computers, and other electronic devices (Cowe, 2011). Key elements through which Zaras success could be analysed are their products quality, effective customer relationship management, and their apparels manufactured on the basis of latest trends and customers demands. Zara has adopted advanced techniques and strategies through which they had imposed control over all functionalities of the organization in order to attain the desired goals and the objectives. Apart from this, organization has identified its customers needs and fulfilled them in effective and efficient manner with the help of advanced controlling systems over the activities of the organization. In relation to effective controlling measures, it has been observed that the productivity and the efficiency of the organization have been raised within the certain period of time. On the other hand, Dells supply chain management involves the managing the activities, controlling measures and the performance appraisal measures through which organization has attained effective image in the IT sector. Following are certain points through which further understanding could be developed in relation to the difference between the procedures of Zara and Dell: Suppliers: In terms of suppliers, Zara has adopted the vertically integrated supply chain management and under this system, organization controls its suppliers. The main advantage of this type of supply chain system is that company could easily identify and fulfil its consumer's demand. On the other hand, Dell uses horizontal supply chain management system under which various suppliers are available for the organization and they need to identify an adequate supplier in relevance with the accuracy and speed of the services for producing the effective gadgets. Selection of inappropriate supplier in case of Dell may lead to various issues such as insecurity of data, uncertainty, slow supply services, shortage of materials, etc. This is the reason; Dell has managed its suppliers close to their manufacturing unit (Dalton, 2010). Production Philosophy: Dell follows on make-to-order strategy and as per this strategy; organization manufactures products on the basis of consumers demand within the specific period of time. Apart from this, organization has adopted pricing strategy under which they provide electronic gadgets at reasonable rates. Dell also uses digital media platforms in which information regarding their products is available on their website. This helps the consumers to get relevant information regarding the companys gadgets through which demand could easily be enhanced (Deogratias Harorimana, 2009). While Zara has adopted the strategy under which new and innovative designs are produced in order to satisfy its consumers demands within the certain period of time. Company also uses various promotional strategies so as to spread the awareness in the consumers regarding their new range of products. Thus, the production philosophy of Zara is based on the tastes and preferences of consumers and latest trends of fashion. Dell uses make-in-products for meeting its desired goals and the objectives. Storage: Dell does not have huge storage facilities and this leads to reduction in their costs while Zara incurs huge costs in terms of storing their apparels. This is the reasons Zaras cost of production is quite high in comparison with Dell (Donald Stephen, 2014). Distribution: Suppliers, retailers, distributors, customers, and assimilators are certain crucial elements of the distribution channels for Dell (Kampstra Ashayeri, 2013). Dell is engaged in the B2B type of business model under which most of their products are ordered on internet platforms. Dell sells its laptops and PCs through internet mediums which enhance the demand for the product as well mediator cost reduces as products could easily be attained directly from company. This develops customer relationship and the trust over the company also builds up (Estampe, Lamouri, Paris Brahim-Djelloul, 2013). Whereas Zara's distribution techniques are totally different from the Dell, they distribute their products through their stores under which collection of apparels changes from time to time. The company also uses grade system to analyse the rate of demand over the products and less demanded products are removed from the stores so as to maintain the unique and innovative reputation of the organization (Ferdows, 2003). Communication: In terms of communication, Zara uses various digital and print medium platforms for spreading awareness amongst their target audience in relevance with the arrival of new range of products. Company has also adopted the most trending strategy of taking feedbacks and suggestions from its customers for improving the performance of the organization. Whereas, Dell does not use these platforms for communicating with its clients which results in the huge weakness for the organization (Gallaughar, 2008). Comparison of Zara and Myer Myer does not have special efforts for segregating their target market. While Zara uses segmentation variables to segregate their target market on the basis of demographic, geographic and on other segmentation variables while Myer does not use these techniques for targeting their audience. Zara is known as the leader of fast fashion industry as they have options for all age group audience irrelevance to their sex. Along with this, organization has developed its effective image in the global fashion industry through delivering best quality products at affordable process. Thus, Zara uses demographic and lifestyle type of segmentation technique to enhance their products demand as well as their market share (Gorrepati, 2016). Myer uses My Store concept under which their target audience is general while Zara targets mostly young generation people. Myer has developed its effective position in the general retail industry through diversifying its ranges of products. Myer uses discount and offers' strategy for attracting its tartest audience while Zara introduces its new designs on the basis of weather conditions in order to attract their target audience. Logistics management of Zara is quite effective and efficient with the help of strong financial position in the target market. While Myer has also built its logistics management quite strong, this is capable enough in terms of attaining the desired goals and the objectives for the organization. Zaras logistic management is capable enough to enhance the productivity of the organization through which goals and the objectives could easily be attained in fair manner (Hill, 2009). Supply Chain Management Strategy Supply chain management plays crucial role in order to increase the efficiency of the organization; thus, most of the companies have adopted this strategy to gain adequate place in the business environment. With addition to this, effective supply chain management is helpful in attaining organizational goals and the objectives. It is also helpful in enhancing the customer satisfaction which leads to enhancement in the market share of the organization in the dynamic business environment. With the effective supply chain management, organization could develop adequate relationships with the customers through which customer services could be rendered at very low costs. This will develop the positive image of the organization in the customers mind-sets (LU, 2014). Competitive Advantage of Zara Inditex Group has various brands engaged in the production and distribution of apparels across the globe. They have varieties of designs and materials for all age group audience. With its great steps and functionalities, Inditex group has been rewarded as the International retailer of the Year by World retail Congress. This shows the capability of the group as well as it also helps the group to analyse its demand for the consumers across the globe. Inditex group has attained competitive advantage in the global market through its innovative strategies. The major brand of this group is Zara and this brand is majorly known for its attractive and innovative designs. With the help of this, organization has developed and maintained its position in the target market (Romano, 2009). Along with this, organization has attained adequate competitive advantage from its primary competitors such as HM. The major reason behind adequate competitive advantage is adaptation of their unique and effectiv e strategies and they have concentrated on fulfilment of their customers demand. Fulfilling consumers demand is really important for Zara as they are engaged in production and distribution of consumer-based products (Mihm, 2010). Similarity with Dell and Myer From the above analysis, it could be observed that supply chain management and other basic activities of Zara are quite unique and different. Zara has attained adequate success and the major objective behind their success factor is adaptation of strategies which are customised, their economies of scale, and its logistics management plays crucial role in terms of attaining the goals and the objectives of the organization (Waller Fawcett, 2013). While comparing the functionalities of the Dell, Myer, and Zara, it was observed that Dell satisfy its clients' needs in an adequate manner through providing them adequate and appropriate qualitative gadgets while services rendered by Myer are not satisfactory as compared to other two companies (O'Marah, 2016). Every organization is required to adopt and practice the innovative and advanced technologies and the strategies for attaining its desired goals and the objectives. Zara has performed in the same and they have adopted this methodology for enhancing their efficiency in the target market (Golicic Smith, 2013). They have adopted the technology under which Zara has created their brand value through providing qualitative and innovative products to its consumers. Zaras brand value is the most important factor through which organization could attain its desired goals and the objectives (Ray, 2010). Recommendations From the aforesaid information, it can be concluded that Zaras supply chain and logistics management is quite effective and efficient through which they have attained their desired goals and the objectives in the global market. Apart from this, organization is also engaged in delivering unique and attractive designs twice a week in order to serve the consumers in an appropriate manner. They have also adopted certain strategies which have played crucial role in developing and maintaining the relationships with the suppliers and the consumers (Ellram Cooper, 2014).. Under this report, supply chain management and the logistics management of the Zara was compared with the Dell and Myer in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the organizational performances. Apart from this, Zara should adopt certain set of strategies through which their policies could be molded on the basis of market trends, consumer's demand, etc. References Charles, Gareth, J., (2012), Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach, Cengage Learning, Pg 94- 109 Christopher and Towill, (2000), Supply Chain Migration from Lean and Functional to Agile and Customized, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol 5(4), pp206-213 Cowe, (2011) Sources of Competitive Advantage, (3rd), Essex, Pearson Education Ltd Dalton, (2010), Leadership and Management Development, UK: Pearson Education Ltd Deogratias, Harorimana, (2009), Cultural Implications of Knowledge Sharing, Management and Transfer: Identifying Competitive Advantage: Identifying Competitive Advantage, IGI Global, Pg 144 Donald, W., Stephen, R., (2014), Global Logistics: New Directions in Supply Chain Management, Kogan Page Publishers Ellram, L. M., Cooper, M. C. (2014). Supply chain management: It's all about the journey, not the destination.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 8-20. Estampe, D., Lamouri, S., Paris, J. L., Brahim-Djelloul, S. (2013). A framework for analysing supply chain performance evaluation models.International Journal of Production Economics,142(2), 247-258. Ferdows, (2003), Zara Case study. Supplier Chain Forum: an International Journal, 4 (2), pp 62-67 Gallaughar, (2008), Zara case: Fast Fashion from Savvy Systems, PhD Case, accessed on 30th November 2017 from https://www.flatworldknowledge.com/node/440129#web-621509 Golicic, S. L., Smith, C. D. (2013). A meta?analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance.Journal of supply chain management,49(2), 78-95. Gorrepati, K., (2016), Zara's Agile Supply Chain Is The Source Of Its Competitive Advantage, accessed on 30th November 2017 from https://www.digitalistmag.com/digital-supply-networks/2016/03/30/zaras-agile-supply-chain-is-source-of-competitive-advantage-04083335 Hill, (2009), Global Business Today. New York: McGraw Hill Irwin Kampstra, R. P. Ashayeri, J. (2013). Realities of supply chain collaboration. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Kiessling, M. G. L. M. D. T. (2015), Supply chain management as the key to a firms strategy in the global marketplace, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, Vol. 45 pp. 159 181 LU, C., (2014), Zara supply chain analysis - the secret behind Zara's retail success, accessed on 30th November 2017 from https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/zara-supply-chain-its-secret-to-retail-success Mihm, (2010), Fast Fashion in a Flat World: Global Sourcing Strategies. International Business Economics Research Journal, 9 (6) pp 55-63. O'Marah, K., (2016), Zara Uses Supply Chain To Win Again, accessed on 30th November 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinomarah/2016/03/09/zara-uses-supply-chain-to-win-again/#3032002b63ae Ray, (2010), Supply Chain Management for Retailing, IND: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Romano, (2009), How can fluid dynamics help supply chain management? International Journal of Production Economics, 118, 467. Waller, M. A., Fawcett, S. E. (2013). Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management.Journal of Business Logistics,34(2), 77-84.

Project Management Outlines Several Methods and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the case study Project Management for Outlines Several Methods and Techniques. Answer: Introduction This particular chapter outlines several methods and techniques which are considered in this research. Through this chapter, the most appropriate approaches, which are essential to conduct this specific study, are defined well. It is important to consider specific methods and approaches before start the research process. It helps to investigate more effectively and proceed to the right direction. Better analysis can be done by considering certain theories and concepts related to the research topic (Mackey and Gass 2015). Research methodology defines the way through which the outcome of the research problem can be found out (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). The chapter describes the specific research philosophy, approach, and design which are considered in this study. Along with that, the processes of gathering all data and information are mentioned here. Apart from this, some ethics are highly considered throughout the research. However, some constraints are there that restrict the research to some extent. The time horizon of the entire research is demonstrated in this chapter. Disciplinary focused research The research helps to focus on the importance of intelligence management in the business. This particular study is a disciplinary focused research as it maintains some specific steps. Firstly, it gathers the basics knowledge of the topic in order to build a clear concept. Afterwards, it enters in the case study which is the center point of the research. The basic concept helps to understand the case scenario of the case study. Further, the study establishes an in-depth knowledge by gathering data and information from secondary sources. After that, the primary sources would help to gather more accurate data. The study would discuss about the secondary and primary sources in the later section of this chapter. Based on the gathered data, the analysis would be done. In this context, it is important to mention that the study would be conducted under some ethical considerations. Method Outline Certain research techniques and procedures are framed in order to analyze the intelligence management opportunities for the organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Along with that, the study investigates what challenges the organizations confront in the economy of UAE. Several research philosophies, approaches, and designs have been studied to consider a specific one. In order to conduct this research, positivism research philosophy has been chosen. This particular philosophy helps to collect data and information that are based on proper logic and evaluation. The reason behind considering this research philosophy is elaborated more in the later section of this chapter. Along with that, other essential research philosophies are also illustrated here. It helps to compare and contrast between these methods. Besides, deductive research approach is considered in this research. This research approach helps to incorporate the concept of the topic in detain manner. The reason behind considering this approach over other research approaches is manifested in the later part. Along with that, the research will pursue descriptive research pattern as it helps to describe the study in more effective manner. Here, it is important to mention that secondary research has been considered to understand the business market of the UAE economy. Further, primary research will be done to support the research with more relevant information. Qualitative research technique would be used in this research process. The information of business intelligence management process will be collected by interviewing a number of managers of various sectors in UAE. The importance of sample and size of sample is manifested in the later section of this chapter. The methods and techniques will be pursued under some ethical considerations. Research Onion As opined by Flick (2015), one of the key tools of research methodology is research onion. Research onion defines the set of stages though which the research will be conducted. Through establishing the sets of stages, one can investigate as well as analyze certain studies more successfully (Panneerselvam 2014). Gast and Ledford (2014) added in this context that each stages of research onion helps to take suitable path in order to resolve the issues encountered in the research topic. As a result, the research can be done by adopting suitable method and design with philosophy, proper sampling and data collection process. Saunderset al.(2009) developed six stages through the research onion. The stages are covered by several research strategies. The concept of research onion is utilized in this study as it provides effective progression through which entire methodology can be designed. As mentioned by Saunderset al.(2009), the six divisions of research onion are research philosophies, research approaches, strategies, choices, time horizons, techniques and procedures. The set of six division is demonstrated well in the blow figure: Figure 1: Research Onion (Source: Saunders et al. 2009) First stage is research philosophy which defines the set of beliefs concerning the research topic (Saunders et al. 2009). Further. it helps to incorporate most appropriate approaches which is considered in the second stage of research onion. In the third stage, specific strategies are adopted and certain choices are made in the fourth layer. The fifth layer identifies the time horizon. As the research needs to be completed within limited time span, the entire process should be planned with a particular time frame. The sixth and last layer includes techniques and procedures. This stage defines how the data and information will be gathered. The process of collecting data is framed in this stage of research onion. Research Philosophy Billig and Waterman (2014) stated that the application of research philosophy helps to determine the research process more effectively. More specifically, one pursues specific research philosophy to understand the research process in a better way and conduct the studies in a proper manner. Pickard (2012) added in this context that the thinking procedure differs between several research topics and based on that the selection process of research philosophy is done. Reynolds et al. (2014) defined research philosophy as the underlying of the nature of knowledge. The assumption taken by research philosophy justifies how the research will be undertaken. The assumptions differ among several researches as different studies have different objectives. Billig and Waterman (2014) indicated three crucial research philosophies that include positivism research philosophy, interpretivism research philosophy, and realism research philosophy. As per the viewpoint of Lushey and Munro (2014), positivism research philosophy defines positive knowledge which is based on natural phenomenon. Through pursuing this philosophy, the research topic can be interpreted with appropriate logic and reasons. Further, it defines that empirical evidences which is based on verified data are gathered through investigating specific studies. It operates according to the general laws and hold the society. It is important to mention that introspective and intuitive knowledge is rejected under positivism research philosophy. As described by Farrokhyar et al. (2014), interpretivism research philosophy is mainly used in complex studies that involves social world of business and their operations. It is also known as interpretivistphilosophy where one needs to interpret all the elements of the study in detail. Thus, it can be stated that interpretivismresearch philosophy integrates human interest in the study. On the other way, realism research philosophy is the mixed approach of positivism research philosophy and interpretivismresearch philosophy (Bauman 2013). As it is a mixed of other two approaches, it also provides the set of assumption that bring empirical evidences. However, it is assumed that the positivism research philosophy would be suitable for this particular research. Justification for selection of the chosen philosophy The positivism research philosophy is chosen based on some specific reasons. Bauman (2013) mentioned that the positivism research philosophy helps to conduct the study in a scientific manner. Further, it helps to bring out some important hidden facts and information. Through avoiding metaphysics, it gathers essential information and observe it in proper manner. In the present context, the study has chosen to apply the positivism philosophy so that it can bring out the real fact of the intelligence manage process of UAE business market. However, it is essential to mention that the realism research philosophy could have used in this research. As the research needs to be completed within limited time span, the realism research philosophy has been rejected. Under positivism research philosophy, the roles in conduction research are restricted. However, this particular research philosophy minimizes the data errors (Anfara Jr and Mertz 2014). Research Approach Following the viewpoint of Archer et al. (2015), two essential research approaches are there that include inductive research approach and deductive research approach. Archer et al. (2015) defined inductive research approach is a bottom to top approach. More specifically, it starts from the observation part. This particular research approach is time consuming in nature. At the same time it is expensive to conduct a study by pursuing inductive research approach. As the financial restriction is there, it is not possible always to conduct research under this research approach. Dumay and Cai (2015) added in this context that this specific approach is characterized as a move from specific to general. As it starts from the observation part, no framework of data collection process is established at the initial stage. The research focus is formed only after the data and information is collected (Gale et al. 2013). However, Green, Camilli and Elmore (2012) opined that sometime new theories are generated by applying the inductive research approach. However, it might be found to fit in existing theories (Green, Camilli and Elmore 2012). According to Skinner (2015), deductive research approach is a top to bottom approach. Through incorporating this approach, proper application of some specific theories are studied. This helps to conduct the researches in more effective manner. The prime objective of deductive approach is to build a theory which will deliver an in-depth knowledge of the topic with the concept of data analysis. Jasti and Kodali (2014) stated that this particular research approach helps to develop hypothesis and hypotheses based on the existing theory. After developing the hypotheses, the research process is formulated to verify it. Following the viewpoint of Roberts (2013), deductive research approach is best suited to the studies which is conducted to examine whether the observed phenomenon fit with expectation or not. Here, it is important to mention that the research approach is based on the researches which were done previously. In the present research, the deductive research approach will be appli ed. Justification for selection of the chosen approach Figure 2: Process of Deductive approach (Source: Kuada 2012) The study concentrates on the concept of intelligence management process of the business in the UAE economy with the help of various data and information. As it is a top to bottom approach, it collects the data and information first and then analyses them carefully (Kuada 2012). The observation is entirely based on the theories considered at the beginning of the study. The selection approach of the topic intelligence management process helps to understand the importance of the study in more precise manner. More specifically, it helps to discuss all other factors related to the intelligence management (Mangal and Mangal 2013). Research Design Figure 3: Kinds of Research design (Source: Snyder 2012) As stated by Snyder (2012), research design helps to demonstrate the framework of the research topic. In research methodology, it is essential to form specific research design as it helps to select the data collection process and analysis pattern. As mentioned by Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015), specific research design needs to be applied data collection process. Green, Camilli and Elmore (2012) added in this context that three specific types of research designs are there that include descriptive research design, exploratory research design and explanatory research design. Gale et al. (2013) defines descriptive academic research pattern as the process of gaining the details of the information which is available with proper description. In research process, the descriptive research design helps to depict the responses of the participants in more accurate way. Further, it helps to describe the participants as they play a key role in the research process. Following the viewpoint of Archer et al. (2015), exploratory academic research pattern is the process that helps to acknowledge several ideas and thoughts to conduct specific studies. Exploratory research design is one of the most crucial tools used in research to analyze the issues more thoroughly. It is essential to understand the research issue well before attempting to quantify mass responses into statistically inferable data. As stated by Farrokhyar et al. (2014), the prime objective of this research design is to collect preliminary data and information which will help to elaborate the research design and suggest hypothesis. According to Green, Camilli and Elmore (2012), explanatory academic research pattern helps to illustrate the research issues and its effects. It is used mainly in analytical and experimental studies. Further, it is used for hypothesis testing and explain why any specific phenomenon is going on. Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) opined that this particular re search pattern gives support to the concept of longitudinal study which is not appropriate in the current research. Both the exploratory and explanatory research pattern are rejected in this study. However, in this present study, the descriptive academic research pattern will be pursued. Justification for selection of the chosen design Through analyzing three research designs, it is found that descriptive academic research pattern is the most appropriate for this present study. Descriptive research design helps to define the detail process which involves the application of intelligence management in the business of UAE economy. Descriptive research design helps to describe the research in more detail manner. It explores and explains all the additional information and their importance in this research. Further, it fills the missing part of the research and expand the understanding about the topic. In descriptive research pattern, three stages are incorporated that includes 'observational', 'case study', and 'survey' (Green, Camilli and Elmore 2012). Green, Camilli and Elmore (2012) explained that in observational part, the methods of viewing the entire research is defined. The observation of this research will be done in two different ways. One will be done in naturalistic way that means after gathering data from su rvey or interview process the outcome will be observed. Other one will be based on the researches that were done previously. Both the process helps to obtain in-depth knowledge of the research topic and fulfill the research objectives as well. The case study defines that the outcome will help to study specific case which is the central point of the research. Moreover, the survey is the process of gathering data and information which is more relevant (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Data Collection procedure As explained by Gale et al. (2013), data collection process is one of the essential parts of research as it helps to derive the accurate outcome. Besides, it helps to provide standard format of the research work. Through pursuing data collection process, required information and essential facts are gathered to study the research topic. Here, it is important to mention that data collection method includes data sources and data analysis plan. Data sources are the origins from where all the required as well as relevant data are gathered (Farrokhyar et al. 2014). On the other way, data analysis is the process through which the collected data and information are observed (Archer et al. 2015). Following the discussion of Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015), the process helps to create the backbone of the research. The process starts with determining the type of data. Before collecting the information, it is essential to identify which type of data is required in specific researches. Afterwar ds, the sources and pattern of data collection is decided (Farrokhyar et al. 2014). Data sources The data and information are gathered from various data sources in order to conduct the study in a way that is more realistic. The gathered data helps to go through the research topic and its objectives. Through applying this process, the information in according to the requirement is exerted in order to analyze the research (Dumay and Cai 2015). Green, Camilli and Elmore (2012) opined that two specific types of data sources are there that include primary data source and secondary data source. This particular research is conducted by considering help of both the data sources. It is essential to mention that the secondary data helps to support only the literature review part. In order to establish clear concept of intelligence management along with other related factors, the secondary sources are considered. The secondary sources include various academic books, journals, and relevant websites (Archer et al. 2015). The first three chapters are based on the data and information which we re collected from secondary sources. Number of researches have been done on the same topic by other researchers. These help to emphasize on the present research topic. However, the raw data will be gathered from primary data sources. In the present study, the investigation is majorly based on the primary data sources. The rest of the study will be conducted by considering the information which will be gathered from primary data sources. It helps to justify as well as support the information collected from secondary data sources. Besides, primary data and information establish the link between the research objectives and literature review (Gale et al. 2013). Data Techniques: Qualitative Neuman and Robson (2012) described that two types of data techniques are used in data collection and analysis process that include quantitative data technique and qualitative data technique. Walter and Andersen (2013) defined quantitative data technique as the process which is based statistical data. This helps to record and analyze the data of a huge sample size which is not applicable in the present study. The data technique of the present study involve the qualitative data solely. As per the statement of Smith (2015), qualitative research techniques helps to record narrative form of data so that more importance can be added for better description. Silverman (2016) added in this context that the qualitative data analysis helps to support the theoretical concept of intelligence management. Further, it helps to establish the knowledge of the research topic more effectively. Population and Sample As stated by Gast and Ledford (2014), population defines the people who participate in the investigations. The people are affected directly or indirectly by the process of research. In this process, the managers of various sectors of UAE economy are considered as the population of the research. Other people are not considered in this research and hence smaller representation is considered as the sample. Dumay and Cai (2015) added in this context that the sampling process makes the research easier. It is impossible to gather information from every single person. Besides, as the research needs to be completed within limited time period, it is essential to choose the population and sample size effectively (Neuman and Robson 2012). Sampling Technique Sample of small size is considered in this research as it suits the research objectives as well as the study on the topic of intelligence management in UAE economy. In this study, the managers of various sectors of UAE economy are considered for non-probability sampling technique. Simple random probability sampling techniques will not be appropriate as other people are considered in this study. The interviews with the managers will be considered with flexible timing and schedule. Sample Size The investigation will be done with the help of the sample size based on the qualitative technique. Primary data will be gathered by interviewing 10 managers from 5 sectors of UAE economy. More specifically, 2 managers will be considered from each sector. These five sectors include finance sector, health sector, manufacturing sector, tourism sector, and IT (Information Technology) sector. The sample size helps to plan and manage the study more effectively. Ethical Considerations In this study, some ethics will be considered for analyzing the intelligence management process in UAE economy that helps to standardize the specific research topic. The ethical consideration includes data application, respondents involvement and respondents anonymity (Miller et al. 2012). Data application describes the information that is gathered from the research topic to understand the intelligence management process in UAE economy. Respondents involvement defines that participants are encouraged to participate in the research. Besides, respondents anonymity explains that no verbal or physical harassment is involved during collecting the data. Research Limitations During the research study, some constraints and restrictions have been confronted. These limitations are both avoidable and non-avoidable in nature. It is important to mention that the managers can be biased towards their company. It might affect the proper gaining of information. Besides, two major constraints are there that includes time constraint and budget constraint. Time is the major constraint as the research needs to be completed within limited time span. Moreover, the financial constraint is another major limitation that restricts the research to reach to the largest possible extent. Time Horizon Main activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th+5th week 6th week 7th week Selection of research topic Composition of the literature review Research methodology Collection of primary data Analysis and interpretation of data Findings Conclusion and Recommendation Final submission Figure 4: Gantt Chart (Source: Created By Author) Summary Some specific and appropriate research methods and techniques are considered in this research. This chapter demonstrates the research tools, selection and analysis process with proper justification. Before starting the investigation, the research onion has been framed. In this study, the positivism research philosophy has been considered. The chapter concludes that the deductive research approach stands over the inductive research approach for this particular research. Apart from this, descriptive research design will be considered during the research. It is expected that the tools and techniques will be appropriate to analyze the concept of intelligence management process in business. The research methodology is framed with proper research methods and technique. Reference List Anfara Jr, V.A. and Mertz, N.T. eds., 2014.Theoretical frameworks in qualitative research. Sage publications. Archer, M., Sharp, R., Stones, R. and Woodiwiss, T., 2015. Critical realism and research methodology.Alethia. Bauman, S., 2013.Principles of cyberbullying research: Definitions, measures, and methodology. Routledge. Billig, S.H. and Waterman, A.S. eds., 2014.Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge. Dumay, J. and Cai, L., 2015. Using content analysis as a research methodology for investigating intellectual capital disclosure: a critique.Journal of Intellectual Capital,16(1), pp.121-155. Farrokhyar, F., Amin, N., Dath, D., Bhandari, M., Kelly, S., Kolkin, A.M., Gill-Pottruff, C., Skot, M. and Reid, S., 2014. Impact of the surgical research methodology program on surgical residents research profiles.Journal of surgical education,71(4), pp.513-520. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S. and Redwood, S., 2013. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research.BMC medical research methodology,13(1), p.117. Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014.Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Green, J.L., Camilli, G. and Elmore, P.B., 2012.Handbook of complementary methods in education research. Routledge. Jasti, N. V. K. and Kodali, R., 2014. A literature review of empirical research methodology in lean manufacturing.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(8), pp.1080-1122. Kuada, J., 2012.Research methodology: A project guide for university students. Samfundslitteratur. Lushey, C.J. and Munro, E.R., 2014. Participatory peer research methodology: An effective method for obtaining young peoples perspectives on transitions from care to adulthood?.Qualitative Social Work, p.1473325014559282. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Mangal, S.K. and Mangal, S., 2013.Research methodology in behavioural sciences. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A., 2012.Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Reynolds, D., Creemers, B., Nesselrodt, P.S., Shaffer, E.C., Stringfield, S. and Teddlie, C. eds., 2014.Advances in school effectiveness research and practice. Elsevier. Roberts, T., 2013. Understanding the research methodology of interpretative phenomenological analysis.British Journal of Midwifery,21(3). Saunders, M. (2009). Research methods for business studenst. Harlow: Pearson Education. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Skinner, D., 2015. Qualitative methodology: an introduction. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Snyder, C., 2012. A case study of a case study: Analysis of a robust qualitative research methodology.The Qualitative Report,17(13), p.1. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Walter, M. and Andersen, C., 2013.Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Left Coast Press.

Short description on AAP free essay sample

Aam Aadmi Party (translation: Common Mans Party; abbreviated AAP) is an Indian political party, formally launched on 26 November 2012. It came into existence following differences between the activists Arvind Kejriwal and Anna Hazare regarding whether or not to politicise the popular India Against Corruption movement that had been demanding a Jan Lokpal Bill since 2011. Hazare preferred that the movement should remain politically unaligned while Kejriwal felt the failure of the agitation route necessitated a direct political involvement. The partys political symbol for the 2013 elections in Delhi is a Broom. The AAP has led several protests since its formation. Among these was a campaign against an alleged nexus between government and private corporations relating to price rises for electricity and water in Delhi. Another saw the party demanding justice for victims of sexual harassment and rape, including the introduction of a stronger anti-rape law. [1][2][3] MANIFESTO Continuing with its unique moves to ensure peoples participation in governance, Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) will by early next month come up with 71 manifestos, one each for the 70 Assembly constituencies in Delhi with the remaining one to cover the city as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Short description on AAP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The move by the Arvind Kejriwal-led party, which is contesting all 70 Assembly seats in the polls scheduled for Dec. 4, is to ensure peoples participation in governance. The common manifesto for Delhi state would include plans for making the city slum free, improving the quality of education in government schools, making health facilities accessible for all, ensuring a daily supply of 700 litres of water free of cost to each household and bringing about a reduction in power tariffs, among others. The party said it had found in a recent survey that drinking water was a major problem in most areas of Delhi. Unlike other political parties, who generally put their agenda on the election manifesto instead of the peoples needs and requirements, we are preparing 70 separate manifestos, a party leader said. The manifestos would highlight the major issues plaguing a particular constituency. The common manifesto for Delhi state would include plans for making the city slum free, improving the quality of education in government schools, making health facilities accessible for all, ensuring a daily supply of 700 litres of water free of cost to each household and bringing about a reduction in power tariffs, among others. The party said it had found in a recent survey that drinking water was a major problem in most areas of Delhi. Unlike other political parties, who generally put their agenda on the election manifesto instead of the peoples needs and requirements, we are preparing 70 separate manifestos, a party leader said. The manifestos would highlight the major issues plaguing a particular constituency. For this, our volunteers and candidates are going door to door meeting people and enquiring about specific problems in their areas which needed immediate attention, he said. After all the information, demands and requirements included, has been gathered from a particular constituency, the process of fine tuning of the manifesto would begin. Common and major problems and the requirements of a constituency would be included in the fine-tuned manifesto, which would be finalised after thorough consultations with the eminent residents of the area, he said. If their (peoples) issues find place in the manifesto, then they would actively participate in the whole exercise (of governance), he said. OBJECTIVES TESTING THE AAP OBJECTIVES 5. 1. 1 The proposed objectives of the AAP set out what it is aiming to achieve in spatial planning terms and set the context for the development of options for the AAP (i. e. alternative means of achieving the objectives). 5. 1. 2 It is important for the objectives of the AAP to be in accordance with sustainability principles. With this in mind, the Guidance recommends that the objectives should be tested for compatibility with the SA objectives. The AAP objectives also need to be compatible with each other, and the SA objectives will be one way of checking for this. 5. 1. 3 The Guidance suggests using a matrix to compare the plan objectives with the SA objectives. The North West Cambridge AAP draft report sets out 13 objectives and describes these as option 8. 1. The numbering does not give priority to any one objective. 1. To ensure sustainable development; 2. To identify a new Green Belt boundary which allows for the development of the site without fundamentally undermining the purposes of the Green Belt ; 3. To provide an appropriate landscape setting and high quality edge treatment for Cambridge; 4. To ensure appropriate separation between Cambridge and the village of Girton to maintain village character and identity; 5. To create a new community which respects and links with adjoining communities; 6. To create a satisfactory mix of uses, taking into account: Identified University-related uses The need for Key Worker housing with the emphasis on University and College staff; 7. To maximise walking and cycling and public transport use; 8. To determine what transport infrastructure is needed to link the development to key destinations in Cambridge and to the wider network and how it is to be delivered; 9. To provide standards for infrastructure provision including renewable energy, open space and car and cycle parking; 10. To determine the level, type and general location of community uses needed to satisfactorily serve the development; 11. To determine appropriate phasing of development taking into account that development should only proceed when the University can prove the need for it; 12. To ascertain what funding and investment is available to secure the infrastructure needs of the development; 13. To protect existing wildlife and secure a net increase in biodiversity SYMBOL Aam Aadmi Party Gets Broom as its Election Symbol Aam Aadmi Party is happy to announce that the Election Commission has allotted the party a reserved symbol of Broom for all the 70 assembly constituencies of Delhi. With this the party has crossed the second milestone (after partys registration) on its way to cleaning up the polity of the country. With the Broom which symbolizes dignity of labour, the party hopes to clean the filth which has permeated our government and our legislature. The country needs a clean sweep of its corrupted main stream political parties. Three independent polls conducted recently by CSDS, C Voter and Total TV are already showing that Aam Aadmi Party is not merely a serious contender in Delhi already but is on its way to sweep the polls in Delhi to begin with. These surveys show that AAP is being perceived as the right political alternative in Delhi. AAP would formally launch the Partys election symbol in a public event on August 3rd.

A Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance

A Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag was written in 1892 by then 37-year-old minister Francis Bellamy. The original version of Bellamy’s pledge read, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic, for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† By not specifying to which flag or which republic allegiance was being pledged, Bellamy suggested that his pledge could be used by any country, as well as the United States. Bellamy wrote his pledge for inclusion in the Boston-published Youths Companion magazine – â€Å"The Best of American Life in Fiction Fact and Comment.† The pledge was also printed on leaflets and sent to schools throughout the United States at the time. The first recorded organized recital of the original Pledge of Allegiance took place on Oct. 12, 1892, when some 12 million American school children recited it to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of the voyage of Christopher Columbus. Despite its widespread public acceptance at the time, important changes to the Pledge of Allegiance as written by Bellamy were on the way. Change In Consideration of Immigrants By the early 1920s, the first National Flag Conference (source of the U.S. Flag Code), the American Legion, and the Daughters of the American Revolution all recommended changes to the Pledge of Allegiance intended to clarify its meaning when recited by immigrants. These changes addressed concerns that since the pledge as then written failed to mention the flag of any specific country, immigrants to the United States might feel that they were pledging allegiance to their native country, rather than the U.S., when reciting the Pledge. So in 1923, the pronoun â€Å"my† was dropped from the pledge and the phrase â€Å"the Flag† was added, resulting in, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the Flag and Republic, for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† A year later, the National Flag Conference, in order to completely clarify issue, added the words â€Å"of America,† resulting in, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† Change in Consideration of God In 1954, the Pledge of Allegiance underwent its most controversial change to date. With the threat of Communism looming, President Dwight Eisenhower pressed Congress to add the words â€Å"under God† to the pledge.   In advocating for the change, Eisenhower declared it would â€Å"reaffirm the transcendence of religious faith in America’s heritage and future† and â€Å"strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our country’s most powerful resource in peace and war.† On June 14, 1954, in a Joint Resolution amending a section of the Flag Code, Congress created the Pledge of Allegiance recited by most Americans today: â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† What About Church and State? Over the decades since 1954, there have been legal challenges to the constitutionality of the inclusion of â€Å"under God† in the pledge. Most notably, in 2004, when an avowed atheist sued the Elk Grove (California) Unified School District claiming that its pledge recital requirement violated his daughter’s rights under the First Amendment’s Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses. In deciding the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, the U.S.  Supreme Court failed to rule on the question of the words â€Å"under God† violating the First Amendment. Instead, the Court ruled that the plaintiff, Mr. Newdow, did not have legal standing to file the suit because he lacked sufficient custody of his daughter. However, Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Clarence Thomas wrote separate opinions on the case, stating that requiring teachers to lead the Pledge was constitutional. In 2010, two federal appeals courts ruled in a similar challenge that â€Å"the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the Establishment Clause because Congress’ ostensible and predominant purpose was to inspire patriotism† and â€Å"both the choice to engage in the recitation of the Pledge and the choice not to do so are entirely voluntary.†Ã‚   Pledge of Allegiance Timeline September 18, 1892: Francis Bellamy’s pledge is published in â€Å"The Youths Companion† magazine to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. October 12, 1892: The pledge is first recited in American schools.  Ã‚   1923: The original wording â€Å"my Flag† is replaced by â€Å"the flag of the United States of America.† 1942: The pledge is officially recognized by the U.S. government. 1943: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that requiring a person to say the pledge is a violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution.   June 14, 1954: At the request of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Congress adds â€Å"under God† to the pledge. 1998: Atheist Michael Newdow files suit against the school board of Broward County, Florida to get the phrase under God removed from the pledge. The suit is dismissed. 2000: Newdow files a lawsuit against Elk Grove Unified School District in California arguing that forcing students to listen to the words under God† is a violation of the First Amendment. The case reaches the Supreme Court in 2004, where it is dismissed. 2005: Joined by parents in the Sacramento, California, area, Newdow files a new lawsuit seeking to have the phrase under God from the Pledge of Allegiance. In 2010, the 9th Circuit US Court of Appeals denies Newdow’s appeal finding that the pledge does not represent a government endorsement of religion, as prohibited by the Constitution. May 9, 2014: The Massachusetts Supreme Court rules that because reciting the Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic, rather than a religious, exercise, saying the words â€Å"under God† does not discriminate against atheists.

Fluid lab ( Head loss through a pipe) Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fluid ( Head loss through a pipe) - Lab Report Example he pipe whereby its zero at the surface of the pipe, and this is attributed to the no- slip conditions, and its goes to the maximum at the center of the pipe. The rate of fluid flow in a given pipe is not constant. This is attributed to the various opposing factors that hinder the constant flow of the fluid. This factors result in loss of energy of the fluid otherwise known as head loss. Thus head loss can be defined as the total amount of energy reduction of the fluid as it moves. The head loss is caused by the friction of the fluid particles as they are in motion and other minor losses which are caused by various factors which include bends in the pipe, constrictions in the pipe, joints, among others. The losses due to friction are referred to as friction losses and are considered to be the major losses in the pipe (Spellman, 2008). The layout of the apparatus was inspected to make sure that the function of each component is understood. Measurement of the medium and the largest pipe was made and the Q and h of the pipes recorded. From the graph, it can be seen that the velocity is directly proportional to head loss due to friction in that as velocity increases, the head loss due to friction increases. This is a linear

International finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International finance - Research Paper Example Engaging in International trade is important for the economies of the two or more countries involved; because there is an exchange of foreign currencies, creation of jobs and enhancement of revenues through taxation of the business profits. For multi-national organizations to survive in this import and export trade, they have to employ financial tools in their assessments, and this includes financial agreements and use of security exchanges. A product of trade in international finance varies depending on locations, legal requirements of operating in such destinations and transaction requirements. This paper seeks to assess the impact of selling beverages from United States of America into the Kenyan market. Abinam Inc. has been in the beverage industry for over 20 years, and recently decided to expand its operations in Africa, and specifically East Africa. To start its operations, the company identified Kenya as a convenient starting point because of its economic dominance in East Af rica, and the high quality its infrastructure, which includes roads and telecommunications. The Kenyan political structure advocates for liberalization and a free market economy and all this are conducive for our operations. Kenya is a lucrative destination of the beverage industry because of the financial capabilities of its citizens and their thirst for new ideas and products. In analyzing the practicality of beverage sale in Kenya, this paper seeks to identify the different methods of International Business that Abinam Inc. will employ in the Kenyan market. It will assess Kenyan balance of current account in the last ten years to determine whether the planned beverage product is an export of the country. This paper will analyze Kenyan main exports and thereafter use them to predict the profitability rate of the beverage products. In achieving this, this paper will scrutinize the import data of Kenya for the last ten years and thereafter make a conclusion regarding the beverage pr oducts. This paper will review the import control mechanisms of the Kenyan State in order to assess the possibility of Abinam Inc. in conducting trade in the and its effects in its operations. In analyzing these mechanisms, this paper will identify specific controls set by the Kenyan government, giving an explanation of its intended objectives and thereafter its effect in the operations of beverage sale of Abinam Inc. This paper will review the changes in the various currencies of the two states, i.e. American Dollar and the Kenyan Shilling. This will help in analyzing the type of currencies to use, since changes in currencies can affect the profitability of a business organization. In understanding the foreign exchange rates of the two currencies, Abinam Inc. will be able to develop currency features which will minimize risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rate. This paper has a conclusion, which highlights the process of registering a business organization in Ken ya. Kenyan economy is agriculturally based and it imports most of its products from Europe and Asia, because of this, most of its international trade is skewed in favor of the industrialized states. In the last ten years, the Kenyan current account has seen a deficit (Goswami and Matoo, 2012). A current account is the balance between values of the country’s imports compared to the revenues generated from its exports. The current

Urban Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Urban Education - Essay Example Teachers are central to the excellence of students. There are no poor students, there are bad teachers. A good teacher is able to see the potential of every student and help develop that potential. A good teacher considers intellectual, physical, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions of students’ human experience, enhancing students’ social interactions and belief in democracy and other ideas of the US. A good teacher is always a leader. Such a professional becomes a caring mother (or father) for his students, creating comfortable and favorable conditions for the development of each of them. He effectively communicates with parents and community and inspires colleagues to be flexible, to recognize talents and hidden resources of their students and adopt an individual approach. A teacher should be a leader able to encourage others to be creative. Such a leader can organize a thoughtful change process in his school, facing everybody’s needs and aims. A teacher who is a leader educates through all his life, influencing his students, colleagues, parents, and community. As we can see the reforms are to take place not in the sphere of urban education, but in the minds of educators themselves. Then one sees wonders of urban education when students from the poorest districts show results much better than those from prestigious schools when students become valuable citizens and realized personalities. There has always been needed in teachers–leaders, able to inspire and educate others. The fact is that that the profession has always been undervalued. Teachers are underpaid. They are not listened to even in cases when decisions directly concern their needs and work.  

Information systems for strategic advantage

Information systems for strategic advantage ABSTRACT Every organization has it strategic ways of managing the information of the company. The strategy used depends on the companys vision and mission. This paper is based on a research on how information systems are used strategically as a source of competitive advantage. The case study is mainly on Emirate Airline as the primary industries being compared to British Airways. The research involves using the porters four generic strategies, SWOT analysis and basic business strategies and formulas based on the research methodology. INTRODUCTION RESEACH METHODOLOGY COMPANIES BACKGROUND Emirate Airline: The airline industry is a subsidiary of the Emirate Group, which was founded in 1959 by Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al-Maktoum. Emirate Group is a public international owned business operating as a travel and tourism company based in Dubai. In 1985 the Emirate Airline industry was established by the investment Corporation Department of the Dubai Government, covered by an agreement with the Pakistan International Airlines as the management company. Before the establishment of Emirate Airline, Gulf Air was the only airline industry that was providing travel services to the Dubai population. During the period Gulf Air begins to reduce and lower it quality of services to the UAE population, which motivate the government to introduce their own Airline. Today emirate airline is the largest, biggest and fastest growing international airline industry in the Middle East. British Airways: British Airways is a public limited company operating as an international airline industry, based in London, United Kingdom. The company starting as a private airline industry, founded in 1935 operating mainly in Europe called Allied British Airways. The merger between imperial Airways and British Airways LTD formed the single name British Airways Corporation in 1939. Later in 1974 when the authority demands that the British Airways Corporation should merge with British European Airways, the name British Airways was returned. Also in 1987 the collaborative merger with British Caledonian made the company being privatized. British Airways is one of the largest and fast growing airline industry not only in United Kingdom but the world, till only these year. INFORMATION SYSTEM Information System: A piece of information always starts with a data, where a data is only knowledgeable and meaningful when it has been processed and transform into information. Every organization has its unique information and each information has it value to the overall success of the organization, Making it vital and important to manage the information strategically. The data, procedure, hardware, software, or even humans that are used to accumulate, collect or assemble to evaluate and analyzed information, is being referred to as information system. Specifically in terms of organization like emirate airline or British airways they are computer-based systems of hardware and software that the companies employees, clients, and customers used to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute or manage information.[ Paul 2003] An information system is a work system whose business process is devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating, and displaying information, thereby supporting other work system[Steven Alter 2002] Emirates Airline information system: there are several tools, software and hardware used in the Airline industries, and they will be named and briefly discussed. The information systems are used strategically as a source of competitive advantage, how they are use strategically will discuss in dept in the strategy analysis column. Emirates Airlines has a call center, it a centre where customers call and get information regarding the flights, the booking and the offers. The call center provides all the information about the company and employees. The call center also calls customers whenever there is a new product, service or sales as a marketing procedure. The callers information is saved on a database for strategic benefits in the future. The companys website is another information system that is used strategically to manage its customer and client needs. The web-site consists of different databases and content in order to provide its user with information such as the flights details and companys basic details. Emirate Airline also uses the Customer Relationship Manager Information System (CRIS), which is a window-based web-site running as a client/server application. An oracle development tool was used in creating CRIS, requiring a separate development effort to upgrade. These leave the emirate Airline with unconnected application to manage, scale to support increment demand and cut management cost. But still the company doesnt use CRIS as its main customer relationship software instead Mercator software development supplement provide CRIS for sale to other airlines industries. Also requires offering those customers with a scalable solution, with the aim to minimize the cost and time of customizing the solution for e ach deployment. [Article on mercator] Media is another form of information system used by emirate airline as a source of competitive advantage. It is used in from of TV, Radio and billboard to advertise there product such as travel promotions, in order to attract customers. Those advertisements target new customers and help the company to keep old customers. One of the most important tool used by the industry which has play a vital role as a competitive advantage is the skyward program, also known as the frequent flyer program. The skyward is in a form of a credit card looking card which can be applied by any passenger whom has travel over a certain amount of miles with emirate airline. It comes in three different categories of blue, silver and gold, where gold the highest and blue is the lowest. The program was established in May 2000 by the organization so as to improve and tighten their competitive advantage. Skywards operate as a reward obtaining card, where a passenger is given an amount of travel miles depending and according to the distance he or she has travelled. As the miles accumulate and increase with amount of travels, the card is upgraded accordingly. These Miles can then be exchanged for free flights, upgrades and other rewards, also a passenger can transfer his miles to another skyward holding passenger. Using skywards pr ogram is free and customers just have to register online or by calling Emirates Airlines if they wish to become skywards members. It is used by over 5.72 million customers. Skyward is one of our most valuable source of information system tool that we use to attract client [Strategic Manager] Another program is skysurfers. It is a frequent flyer program for young children between the ages of 2-16years. It basically works same as skyward but in this case additional rewards are added to attract children. Exciting Rewards such as books, toys, free trips to Wild Wadi and Atlantis in Dubai or even a free ticket to anywhere in the world. Also children get the opportunity of choosing their travel seat. The information, communication and entertainment (ICE) system is an in-flight entertainment facility that provides passengers with variety of channels to choose from. The system includes movies, video games and music channels. ICE can be accessed in different languages such as English, Spanish, Arabic, Korean, Japanese, French and German. Passengers have the option of pausing, forwarding or rewinding any selected item they are watching. In addition a passenger in business or first class cabin has the privilege of ordering and choosing what they want to watch that is not available in the media list booklet. [journal on ICE] Electronic check in stand is a self check in machine available at the emirate terminal in Dubai airport. Passengers are able to check- in between 2 to 48 hours of their flight departure. Where a passenger get to do the all the processes of checking in his or her luggage by himself, saving the trouble of joining the long queue at the main manual check in counter. Staffs are also available at the Electronic check stand for assistance, for instance if a passenger is having difficulty in printing the boarding pass at the last final process of the procedure. [website link] Emirates airline provides exquisite lounges for first and business class passengers as well as skywards silver and gold member, having about 21 lounges in 18 different cities and are even planning on opening more. In cities and countries where the airline doesnt have a departure lounge, a lounge is provided for first and business class passengers. The lounge has comfortable chairs and television to entertain passengers before their departure. Some lounges have well equipped bathrooms with showers for passengers who want to take a shower after a long day. Food of different variety is also available to choose from. Breakfast, lunch and snacks are served to customer satisfaction. This is available because they have customers from different nationalities speaking different languages, so as to attract customers from every part of the country.[website link] EMIRATE AIRLINE STRATEGY ANALYSIS The strategies, structure and management of those strategies and structure is always a composite and complex process of every organization. Strategy can be defined as the direction, route, possibility or scope of a business over the long-term and short-time goals and vision, which achieves advantage for the organization from the begging to the end of its pattern, design, and management of resources within a challenging and competitive environment, by achieving market scope and to accomplish competitive strategy. [J. Thompson with F. Martin, 2005, p1] For an organization to achieve its goals and vision it need to come up with distinctive and well organized strategies which will include critical and comprehensive study as well as investigations into various areas that will produce information that will be advantageous to the accomplishment of the industry. This is the reason why emirate airline gives consideration in focusing into the overall and general position status of their rivals such as British Airways, also involving in their interior and exterior activities. By knowing their competitors status the organization of the company will be able to analyze the status of the companys approaches, capital, income, strategies and resources in general. Which will able the company to establish how they will be able to manage, and defeats British Airways in competitive advantage in future. This will also give the company the prospect to stature out their potency and how they will maximize their strength and eliminate their weaknesses. In every business there are times and periods of strength, weakness, success and failure. All of these periods apply to both British airways and Emirate airline. The corporate strategy used by emirate airline which involves examining the existing and anticipated factors related with passengers and competitors external situation and the organizations (emirate airline) internal environment itself. Envisioning a successful role for the organization, by creating strategy and aligning policies and resources, such as the use of Media to achieve the airlines goals and vision. Emirate airline is committed with the diversity of their clients; the diversification management approach of the applied by the company enables the firm to guarantee that passengers are given outstanding service provided by zealous and committed staffs and employees, unlike British Airways staff that recently undergo a three day strike against their management. The approach is carried out by adding new product and reso urces to an existing product, an example is the new and improved business class cabin introduce about a month ago by Emirate airline and the mile accelerator services added to the skyward facility. [Paul Finlay, 2000, page 473][] We the Staffs of Emirate Airline are always ready to assist and welcome ideas from passengers, either by Electronic survey or any form of technology that will get us a feedback from our client [strategic Manager] Another competitive strategy used by Emirate Airline is the focus-leadership strategy, which play a vital role in attributing to the success of the company, which is derived from the Generic strategy formula. The organizations business goals is to provide its customers with brilliant, reliable and most of all welcoming services to their esteemed clients, by dedicating to make each journey unforgettable and special. The wellbeing, comfort and convenience are important concerns as they provide value service for their passengers and client through dependable, extremely update technologies and the use of information system. The generic strategy will be illustrated in detail through the Porters Four Generic Business Strategy. The organization expands their industry to attain more customers which enable them to be more advantageous and profitable. Making it possible even with the global economic crisis and the financial status of Dubai, Emirate Airlines are still making profits. While thei r rivals British Airways report a quite amount of loss in the market share price early this year, even though the organization is manage and maintained by a reasonable steady financial country. But both airline industries are strategically introducing new technologies to enhance and achieve both there long and short term goals and vision. So still with the financial crisis of British Airways they still have competitive advantage over Emirate Airline when it comes to handle crisis as they are much older in the aviation industry and have manage crisis in the past. [journal on profit] We are a much longer aviation industry than emirate airline and we have strategies we alone use in managing our crisis which we have implemented in previous crisis in the past. [BA, strategic manager] The Marketing strategy approach of Emirate airline industry I said to be a customer-oriented strategy method. The strategy focus on various different types of customers, by catering the needs of clients individually and uniquely. This is done through the use of technologies such as the skyward customer account and card, where details and specification of the account holder are saved. The industry has been able to apply routes to a variety of destination all over the world. Emirate Airline industrys strategy can be categorized as a powerful strategy and it enables the business to offer entire loyalty and commitment and maintain organizational operations so as achieve full competitive advantage. Through this strategy, Emirates Airlines surpass most of their competitors in the airline industry, and also gaining market share and enhanced the overall demand of their service. Being (Emirate) an international airline industry gives the management an opportunity to expand and develop their industry and services all over the world with no compromise to the importance and value, and level of services they give for their customers in every country. The company has office with customer service help desk and a call centre facility in mostly every constituency they operate to provide for their passengers and customers needs at all time needed. This is carried out through the diversification management strategy mentioned earlier, where by the need and demand of their passenger and client and handled globally. Nevertheless, the threat and fear of the industry upon British Airways is the survival and existence possess by their rival in the past for handle crisis and picking up to provide affordable and quality services just as the Emirate Airlines. Their weak point can also be drawn from their diversified markets. However, with the 24-hour customer service call cent re of the company, an immediate feedback is given to query of their client. The business model of the airline industry has led to their commercial success in the aviation and airline industry. They are able to have a lean workforce that can be compared to low-cost carriers rather than conventional flag-carriers. In addition, the company has also a simple organizational structure which permits the airline to maintain low overhead costs and enables them to pay no income taxes on wages. The organizations strategy model of emirate Airline is what has lead to their business success in the airline industry, giving them a successful business Model. This business model gives them a supportive workforce, making their services low-cost at the same time the successful and most profitable organization. Also the organization has a plain organizational composition which permits the company to sustain small overhead costs and enables them to pay no revenue duty on income and wages.[] Ethical decisions can be made and taken at managerial level in emirate airline industry, which makes the corporation expand capable and successful organizational behavior. The management of emirate airline believes that principles offer the primary basic for deciding whether a specific action or behavior is ethically or morally right or wrong, the organization are able to develop ethical, moral, perspectives, standards and principles. Where as in British Airways only basic ethical aspect are given consideration, for example a BA female cabin crew most not cover her hair while in Emirate she has to cover her hair. The human resources management approach strategy is used by the organization in recruiting and employing the best and required staffs that will suit their passenger and client needs. Generally Emirate airline strategy is a powerful strategy will be very difficult to be beaten. COMPETATITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage is the ability and manner by which companies, industries and organization manages to maintain its long and short term goals, mission, and vision also keep up its position against its rival or competitors. It is the state which enables a company to perform in a more effective and competent manner, leading the organization to act and operate in a higher-quality approach than its competitors. Competitive advantage could be a long-term or short-term condition and can be managed through various competitive strategies, such as: The Porters Four Generic Business Strategies SWOT Analysis PEST Analysis These strategies will be discussed and analyzed separately, using British Airways as a comparison and competitors against Emirate Airlines. SWOT ANALYSIS The tactical procedure implemented to evaluate an organizations strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat is strategically known as SWOT analysis. The analysis method involves enumerating the goal and objective of the organization by determining the internal and external factors that are prosperous and non-amicable to achieving that goals and objective. The analysis can be integrated into the strategic business model of the company. Every organization has it strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, same applies to Emirate Airline. The strength weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the industry will be discussed individually using the SWOT analysis. STRENGTH Emirates Airline grew from successful effectiveness strength resulting from the accurate decisions, planning and the strategy set to its employees by the organization. The determined efforts and excellent services provided by its members of the staff to the passengers and client gave strength to the Airline. The Airline starting the operation with two leased aircrafts from the Pakistan International Airlines, and was able to strengthen its fleet of aircrafts by purchasing long haul aircrafts from the manufacturers of the Boeing Airbus aircrafts. The A380 and B777 were specifically purchased to provide contented and satisfying air travel for its valuable customers. Emirate Airline strength expanded more from when the Airline was selected as the best Airline for the in-flight services for number of years from leading organizations, such as British Airways. The successes and strength of the Emirate Airline leads to an increase in the growth and population the passengers using the Airline, also expands the income, profit and revenue of the organization in whole. On Achieving and winning the award the Airline was mainly recognized globally in the travel industry, where by Inaugurating the Skyward Club memberships for frequent fliers also strengthen the Airline. Its ability to incessantly modify and improve the services in the aviation sectors gave an advantage to the Airline to meet up the targets set by the Management, promoting the industry as the leader in the aviation industry.[paul, 2000] WEAKNESS In every successful strategy there are always weakness, the main weakness of Emirate Airline are Some of the strategies and information system technologies implemented, in order to expand the business approaches have not yet been victorious, which can be considered as weakness. The Airline has been accused for focusing on high-end achievement and diversification, even after knowing such decisions have uncertain and difficult effects on the Airline, making their flight quite unsafe. While British Airways has a History and full safety records established ages ago. OPPORTUNITIES Emirates Airline industry has a wide ranges of opportunities contributing to the competitiveness of the organization. These opportunities are derived from the strategic use of their information system technologies and services, allowing the industry to infiltrate into an untouched new market with no strong competitors like British Airways. The revenue generating profitable income for the organization is from their operating flights to various destination where no un-touched by their rivals, such as available flights from Middle East to India, South East Asia to Africa. Also being able to travel around the prospect to manage code sharing destinations where there are no local flag carriers. THREATS The external environment of the organization is said to be the main source of threat facing the industry. Nevertheless an internal environment issues such as the recent budget formed by the company contribute as a threat to the organization in whole. The fair of the budget increase from the logistic and cost of information system, being introduced and implement so as to achieve the goals and objectives of the company. Examples of these systems are cost management of strategies and technologies like the customer relation manager information system (CRIS). Strong competitive rivals from the European countries like BA leads to an amount of threat jeopardy for the industry in general. The global economic down fall of the Dubai Financial status lead to industry suffering from travel setbacks, making the fairs of Emirate Airline increase from their normal price. The airlines inability to keep up with the innovations or recognized its demand creates a threat for the airline and reduces the load of the passengers. All this is because the political and economical environment in the countries where the airlines operates could potentially affect the business negatively. Where by compliances could be use by their competitors to their advantage and take the industry by surprise and by the time they realize it will be too late that they are not the leaders of the airline industry anymore.